L'acció comunitària com a estratègia de millora educativa i construcció de ciutadania en època de pandèmia

Aquest article exposa diferents trets conceptuáis i metodolögics de l'acció comunitaria, com a estrategia per a la millora educativa i la construcció de ciutadania a partir de dos projectes implementats a la localitat de Monteada i Reixac: «El Rec es mou» i «Cultura i Barri». En aquest sentit, es descriu i s'explica la seva implementáció i funcionament i s'identifiquen reptes, accions i resultats que s'han assolit durant la pandemia de la COVID-19. Ambdós projectes conflueixen en el marc de la Taula Comunitaria del Barri, un espai que aglutina entitats, serveis i equipaments que treballen per a la inclusió, la cohesió social i l'empoderament de la ciutadania. Així, la inclusió es fomenta donant veu a col-lectius que normalment no la tenen, com el poblé amazic o gitano;la cohesió social a través del lema «Un barrí fet per totes», en qué es dona cabuda a tothom pel fet de ser-hi, independentment de la seva realitat socioeconómica;i l'empoderament personal, grupai i comunitari a partir de Ies construccions de relacions veinals, per donar resposta a situacions complexes com, per exemple, un espai educatiu i de socialització durant el desconfinament.Alternate :Este artículo expone diferentes rasgos conceptuales y metodológicos de la acción comunitaria, como estrategia para la mejora educativa y la construcción de ciudadanía a partir de dos proyectos implementados en la localidad de Monteada i Reixac: «El Rec es mou» y «Cultura i Barri». En este sentido, se describe y se explica su implementáción y funcionamiento identificando retos, acciones y resultados que se han alcanzado durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Ambos proyectos confluyen en el marco de la Mesa Comunitaria de barrio, espado que aglutina entidades, servidos y equipamientos que trabajan para la inclusión, la cohesión social y el empoderamiento de la ciudadanía. Así, la inclusión se fomenta a través de dar voz a colectivos que normalmente no la tienen como el pueblo amazigh o gitano, la cohesión social a través del lema «un barrio hecho por todas» dando cabida a todo el mundo por ser, independientemente de su realidad socioeconómica;y el empoderamiento personal, grupai y comunitario a partir de las construcciones de relaciones vecinales para dar respuesta a situaciones complejas como, por ejemplo, un espacio educativo y de socialización durante el desconfinamiento.Alternate :This article presents conceptual and methodological features of community action, as a strategy for educational improvement and the construction of citizenship from two projects implemented in the town of Monteada i Reixac: "Rec es mou" and "Cultura i Barri". Their implementation and operation are described and explained, identifying challenges, actions and results that have been achieved during the Covid-19 pandemic. Both projects are carried out within the framework of the Neighbourhood Community Table, a space that brings together entities, servicesand facilities that work for inclusion, social cohesion and the empowerment of citizens. Inclusion is promoted through giving a voice to groups that normally do not have one, such as the Amazigh or Gypsy people;social cohesion according to the sentence "a neighbourhood made by all", allowing everyone to be, regardless of their socioeconomic reality;and personal, group and community empowerment based on the construction of neighbourhood relationships to respond to complex situations, such as a space for education and socialisation during deconfinement.

Pro-environmental attitudes, altruism, and COVID-19 risk management behavior. (Special Issue: COVID-19: feeling and confronting pandemic risk challenges.)

Limiting the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic is a collective action problem that calls on individuals to act, not just for their benefit but also for the benefit of others in their community. Many environmental problems, especially climate change, share this characteristic, which invites inquiry on whether those predisposed to act to solve environmental problems may also be predisposed to act to solve health-focused collective action problems. In this study, we use a survey instrument to examine how pro-environmental attitudes and two types of altruism relate to the tendency to follow social distancing guidelines and limit voluntary social exposure during the pandemic. We find that pro-environmental behaviors predict a feeling of moral obligation to reduce COVID-19 risk and a lower level of voluntary social exposure. Voluntary, individual-level altruism has no relationship with social exposure. These findings point to important insights about the connections between different types of collective action and the nuances in altruistic behavior. These insights may lead to essential guidance for public health and environmental messaging that respects and leverages the differences in voluntary, individual-level altruism and collective altruism.

2021 NMA Annual Meeting

This conference proceeding contain 55 articles that discuss various topics, which include multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, use of text messaging and social support to increase adherence to medication, race and income in relation to prostate cancer, public opinion of ethnic groups on clinical research, colon resection, COVID-19, cell-free DNA analysis, clinical trials and research in emergency medicine, paediatric trauma during pandemic, plant-based diet for diabetes, knowledge and perception regarding HIV and PrEP, infant mortality rates, representation, medicine and social media, tobacco control and cessation programmes, vaccines, climate change, equity and transgender peoples, community action, health inequality and vaccination, burn care, pregnancy complications and race, sickle cell disease, racism, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine regulation and safety, among others.

'SciComPt 2022': stop, listen and act - reflect on the past to build the future

During the Covid-19 pandemic the world faced enormous challenges demanding immediate responses. As a result, public communication of science assumed unprecedented prominence. Now, we need to stop, listen and act. This was the motto of the 10th Annual Congress of Science Communication in Portugal ??? SciComPt 2022. The meeting provided participants with exactly that ??? an opportunity to reflect on the past and help build the future of science communication in Portugal.

Scaling up community-led COVID-19 responses: five key lessons

Community-led responses to the COVID-19 pandemic can be much more than just temporary relief efforts. Experienced networks and federations of the urban poor are valuable development partners and can deliver scalable recovery solutions that simultaneously address long-standing development problems and structural inequities in their cities. This briefing distils five key policy lessons from a 2021 action-research project in four Southeast Asian countries. Long-established community networks implemented projects that helped control the spread of coronavirus, increase food security, boost livelihoods, and make progress towards secure housing and land tenure. These projects have increased local institutional capacities and aligned with pro-poor urban development pathways. National policy and decision makers, municipal governments and international agencies involved with COVID-19 relief and recovery programmes and interventions should strategically support local efforts to systematically network and scale up such successful strategies.

Community decision making based on social capital during COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Bangelan Village tourism, Indonesia

Bangelan is one of the villages which proclaim as a tourism village in Malang Regency. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted tourist visits, causing considerable losses to tourism economic activityr. This study aims to determine the structure of community adaptation in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is associated with social capital and collective actions to restore socioeconomic conditions. Assessment of social capital used three variables: trust, social norms, and social networks, each of which identifies its relationship with collective action. This study used descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the data were obtained from the questionnaire. The study results explain that the norm variable in social capital was the most influential for the community to make decisions in taking collective action to restore the socioeconomic conditions. The norms were based on compliance with applicable norms and social sanctions against those who violate. Social norms affected almost every aspect of people's lives and became development pillars. The success of development efforts depended on conforming to or contradicting the development with pre-existing norms. In addition, the role of the community as hosts was the most important element in tourism development where they lived. Furthermore, norms could prevent outsiders from taking the opportunities that often dominate the development of local tourism destinations.

Confined community health: reflections and experiences from the local public health

This paper aims to share the reflections related to the community actions in which the Agencia de Salut Publica de Barcelona has been involved during the emergency of COVID-19. The tasks carried out can be arranged in three stages, frequently overlapping: detection of needs and problems;contact with key stakeholders to assess what to do and how to do it;adaptation of the interventions to the "new normal" and generation of new responses. The emerging problems included: not being able to do the confinement (due to homelessness, material conditions, living in a situation of violence);digital gap (lack of knowledge, devices, access to Wifi);greater exposure to COVID-19 in the essential but precarious, feminized and racialized jobs (care, cleaning, food shops) that are the most frequent in the neighborhoods in where we work;language and cultural barriers that preclude to follow recommendations;to lose employment;insufficient income to cover basic needs;social isolation;and the deterioration of emotional health caused by the situation. During the process, some interventions were adapted to be delivered on-line. Solidarity networks and local resources were key to meet basic needs, but also other needs related to lack of digital knowledge or device. Community action in health, from a critical, intersectional and local perspective, and with intersectoral work and community participation, can contribute to: facilitate a contextualized response in the event of a health crisis;mitigate the effects derived from its economic and social crisis.

Pandemic tilts local agriculture and communities to behavior changes

Typical agricultural distribution systems and venues temporarily ceased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Commodities were turned under in fields, dumped, or left behind for wildlife to pilfer while food banks ran out of produce. Residents did not know where to get fresh produce and wholesale producers lacked the ability to instantly shift their business model and distribution methods to meet local needs. Advisory board networks helped connect components of the food system: wholesale producers;retail outlets;and consumers to locations where produce was available. I connected volunteer gleaners with wholesale producers to gather produce for distribution to food banks around Manatee County. The Bradenton Downtown Farmer's Market started a Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) venue to accommodate wholesale producers with a retail venue. The county (Geographic Information System) (GIS) team and I created an interactive map of local agriculture commodities such as vegetables, fruit and vegetable crops, aquaculture, beef and dairy products, and nursery plants. The volunteer group organized over 60 gleaning events and harvested over 72,000 pounds of produce for food insecure residents. Based on the farmer's market model, two producers created CSA markets, in addition to their restaurant venue. As a result of the pandemic, four wholesale producers expanded distribution to local retail venues. The GIS map included over 100 Manatee County agriculture producers, searchable by location and commodity for markets, nurseries, aquaculture, beef and dairy, fruits, and vegetables. Key players in the food system who initially connected during the pandemic lockdown were able to provide beneficial opportunities for everyone. The GIS map has increased awareness of local agricultural production in Manatee County. Some wholesale producers adopted alternative marketing venues to rebound from pandemic deficits and prepare for future market changes. Gleaning events continue to provide local fruits and vegetables to food insecure residents, allowing them to enjoy healthy, accessible produce. Socially, many new connections and relationships have been fostered between the farming and residential communities.

Achieving SDGs and addressing health emergencies in Africa: strengthening health promotion.

In 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO) convened the first Global Conference on Health Promotion held in Ottawa, Canada. This conference yielded the Ottawa Charter which defined health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. A series of conferences followed and in 2005, WHO convened the Sixth Global Conference in Bangkok, Thailand, which yielded the Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion. This Charter for the first time expanded the role of health promotion to include addressing social determinants of health. Ministers of Health from 47 countries of the WHO Regional Office for Africa in 2012 endorsed the Health Promotion: Strategy for the African Region. This Strategy highlighted eight priority interventions required to address health risk factors and their determinants. In 2011, the Rio Political Declaration on Addressing Social Determinants of Health was adopted by Health Ministers and civil society groups to address inequalities and inequities within and between populations. The main action areas were good governance to tackle the root causes of health inequities; promoting participation and ownership; community leadership for action on social determinants; global action on social determinants to align priorities and stakeholders; and monitoring progress on implementation of policies and strategies. Health promotion has been prominent as part of disease outbreak response, including for Ebola and COVID-19. It has been an integral part of improving maternal and child health mortality and morbidity as well as TB, HIV/AIDS and malaria; and lately reducing the impact of noncommunicable diseases, namely diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer. While challenges continue in strengthening health promotion, there have been concerted efforts to place health promotion on the development agenda in countries through Health in All Policies (HiAP), capacity strengthening, monitoring and evaluation, and innovative financing policy options using dedicated tax from tobacco and alcohol, and road use.

The potential of Popular Education in Primary Health Care in Brazil in times of the Covid-19 pandemic / Potencialidades da Educação Popular em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19 na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil / Potencialidades de la Educación Popular en tiempos de pandemia de Covid-19 en la Atención Primaria de la Salud en Brasil

O presente artigo buscou compreender as especificidades e potencialidades da Educação Popular em Saúde (EPS) como orientadora de ações no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) diante da pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. Metodologicamente, esta pesquisa tem caráter exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa dos dados. Foram realizadas, no mês de julho de 2020, entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco atores sociais integrantes de coletivos nacionais de EPS. Os resultados indicam que têm ocorrido o fortalecimento do trabalho coletivo e a constituição de novas articulações, assim como a EPS se evidencia como prática potente na criação de vínculo com e no território; ademais, as tecnologias da informação e comunicação têm sido consideradas como importantes aliadas. Conclui-se que a EPS continua sendo efetiva no âmbito da APS, tendo o diálogo horizontalizado e a problematização da realidade como pressupostos estruturantes de seu que fazer. (AU)

This study sought to understand the specificities and potential of popular health education (PHE) as a guiding principle for primary health care actions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic in Brazil. We carried out a qualitative exploratory study using data from semi-structured interviews conducted with five social actors who were members of national PHE collectives. The findings show that PHE has strengthened collective working and given rise to new articulations, showing itself to be a powerful practice for creating affiliation with and in the territory. In addition, information and communication technologies are considered important allies. We conclude that PHE, whose underlying premises include horizontal dialogue and the problematization of reality, continues to be effective within primary care. (AU)

El presente artículo buscó comprender las especificidades y potencialidades de la Educación Popular en Salud (EPS) como orientadora de acciones en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS) frente a la pandemia de Covid-19 en Brasil. Metodológicamente, esta investigación tiene carácter exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo de los datos. En el mes de julio de 2020 se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con cinco actores sociales integrantes de colectivos nacionales de EPS. Los resultados indicaron que ha habido el fortalecimiento del trabajo colectivo y la constitución de nuevas articulaciones, así como que la EPS se ha mostrado como una práctica potente en la creación de vínculo con el territorio y en él; además, las tecnologías de la información y comunicación se han considerado importantes aliadas. Se concluye que la EPS continúa siendo efectiva en el ámbito de la APS, teniendo el diálogo horizontalizado y la problematización de la realidad como presuposiciones estructuradoras de su quehacer. (AU)

Self-determination theory, empathy, and a global audience: Understanding the personal motivations of youth as researchers to apply to the program

The spring of 2020 began with an event that would change lives in every corner of the world. The COVID-19 pandemic created a "public health emergency of international concern (World Health Organization, 2020a), and began to alter the social, economic, and political structures in nations big and small. With such change came many challenges and the need for communities to react to structural shifts being implemented in every country. Traditionally, the world's youth populations are often the population most impacted and most resilient to such changes. Young people aged 14 - 24 years old represent 16% of the worlds' population (United Nations, 2020), therefore engaging with them during the global pandemic is essential in determining ways to best support this resilient population. One such programmatic approach to engaging youth is the UNESCO Youth as Researchers program. The program is an international youth-led research program that engages young people in identifying, researching, and addressing youth-focused community action projects. In April of 2020, a UNESCO team initiated a COVID-19 iteration of the program, where young people from across the globe applied to participate in this youth participatory action research program. Why did young people, experiencing social, economic, and political challenges from the pandemic decide to apply to the program? What motivated them? Understanding this can enable future programmers with information on how to design and implement programs that are of interest to youth change makers, particularly in times of intense stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Through analyzing the relationship of self-determination theory's basic needs of autonomy, relatedness, and competency to Youth as Researcher applicant's personal motivation, this study aimed to understand the personal motivation of applicants. Furthermore, considering the intense strain and stress associated with the pandemic, this study also explored the relationship of the prosocial behavior of empathy and applicant's personal motivations. In the winter of 2020 a Feedback Survey was administered to all 5,581 Youth as Researchers applicants from over 90 different countries, aged 18-35 years, assessing applicants' personal motivation to join the program. In total, this study had response rate of 27% (1,546), representing 73 countries, and while not generalizable to a global youth audience, responses are indicative of a global youth audience. Through descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis, this study demonstrated the importance of programs providing youth choice, the capacity to feel competent and accomplished at tasks, and relevance of creating supportive environments for the perspective taking and empathetic concern domains of empathy when engaging with prospective program participants. Incorporating these elements into programmatic designs can encourage more young people to be intrinsically motivated to participate in youth-led programs creating youth and community level actionable change. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)

Adapting care provision and advocating for unprotected unaccompanied minors in Paris in the context of COVID-19.

Unaccompanied minors (UMs) are children under 18 who arrive on the territory of a foreign country without the care of a guardian. In many countries their access to social and health care services depends on their legal recognition as minors. For instance, in France, high rejection rates of minor status place unprotected UMs in social precarity, such that in Paris, civil society organizations (CSOs) have stepped in to offer social, medical, and psychological care to unprotected UMs. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic however, CSOs had to adapt their care provision.We review promising CSO-led initiatives to ensure continuity of care for this population. In doing so, we highlight how, by promoting UMs' healthy behaviors in the context of the pandemic, continued social interactions between CSO members and unprotected UMs may have contributed to disease prevention among UMs. In addition, CSOs have continued to advocate for sheltering unprotected UMs, calling on public authorities to take action.

'Back to better': amplifying health equity, and determinants of health perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTRODUCTION: Equity and social justice have long been key tenets of health promotion practice, policy and research. Health promotion foregrounds the pertinence of social, economic, cultural, political and spiritual life in creating and maintaining health. This necessitates a critical structural determinants of health perspective that actively engages with the experiences of health and wellbeing among diverse peoples. The inequitable impacts of pandemics are well documented, as are calls for improved pandemic responses. Yet, current pandemic and emergency preparedness plans do not adequately account for the social and structural determinants of health and health equity. METHODS: Through five one-hour online conversations held in April 2020, we engaged 13 practice, policy, research and community leaders on the intersections of COVID-19 and gender, racism, homelessness, Indigenous health and knowledge, household food insecurity, disability, ethics and equitable futures post-COVID-19. We conducted a thematic analysis of speaker and participant contributions to investigate the impacts and influence of COVID-19 related to the structural and social determinants of health. We analyzed which policies, practices and responses amplified or undermined equity and social justice and identified opportunities for improved action. FINDINGS: Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic revealed four broad themes:• oppressive, unjust systems and existing health and social inequities;• health and social systems under duress and non-responsive to equity;• disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 driven by underlying structural and socioeconomic inequity; and• enhanced momentum for collective mobilization, policy innovations and social transformation. DISCUSSION: There was a strong desire for a more just and equitable society in a post-COVID-19 world, going 'back to better' rather than 'back to normal.' Our analysis demonstrates that equity has not been well integrated into pandemic planning and responses. Social movement and systems theories provide insight on ways to build on existing community mobilization and policy openings for sustained social transformation.